Dezinformacja: problem globalny
Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych uważa za „niepokojące to, że dezinformacja i propaganda są wykorzystywane do dezorientowania ludności i ingerowania w jej prawo do otrzymywania różnorodnych informacji i formułowania własnej opinii”. Ujęte to zostało we „Wspólnej deklaracji w sprawie wolności słowa i fake newsów, dezinformacji i propagandy” wydanej w 2017 r.
Parlament Europejski również podjął kroki w tym kierunku i stwierdził, że fake newsy stanowią „poważne zagrożenie dla europejskich demokracji”.
Projekt Spotted ma na celu dostarczenie narzędzi do skuteczniejszego zwalczania zagrożenia dezinformacją. Dlatego w tej sekcji można znaleźć przydatną dokumentację, dzięki której można uzyskać informacje na temat zjawiska dezinformacji i jego konsekwencji.
- United Nations. (2017). Declaration on Freedom of Expression warns of the risks posed by “fake news”. UN News. https://news.un.org/es/story/2017/03/1374761
- European Parliament. (2019). The EU must act on fake news and interference in elections. Press room. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/es/press-room/20191007IPR63550/la-ue-debe-actuar-ante-las-noticias-falsas-y-la-injerencia-en-las-elecciones
- Latin American Ombusdmand Network. 03/2020 Statement on Fake News (fake news) in times of COVID-19 https://www.rindhca.org/institucional/declaraciones-pronunciamientos/declaracion-03-2020-sobre-noticias-falsas-fake-news-en-tiempos-de-covid-19
- Verification manual http://verificationhandbook.com/downloads/manual.de.verificacion.pdf
- Understanding misinformation disorder https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Information_Disorder_Digital_AW.pdf?x44412
- A Field Guide to “Fake News” and Other Information Disorders https://fakenews.publicdatalab.org/
- Journalism, “fake news” and misinformation: a journalism education and training manual https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373349
- ‘Posverdad’, de Lee McIntyre. https://catedra.com/libro/teorema-serie-mayor/posverdad-lee-mcintyre-9788437638690/
- Fake News: The New Weapon of Mass Destruction https://www.casadellibro.com/libro-fake-news-la-nueva-arma-de-destruccion-masiva/9788423430192/9021266
- Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0190923636?ie=UTF8&tag=washpost-20&camp=1789&linkCode=xm2&creativeASIN=0190923636
- Brandtzaeg, P. B., Følstad, A. & Chaparro Domínguez, M. Á. (2017). How Journalists and Social Media Users Perceive Online Fact-Checking and Verification Services. Journalism Practice, august 201, 1–21. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1363657
- Brandtzaeg, P. B., Lüders, M., Spangenberg, J., Rath-Wiggins, L. & Følstad, A. (2016). Emerging Journalistic Verification Practices Concerning Social Media. Journalism Practice, 10(3), 323–342. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1020331
- Graves, L. (2018). Understanding the Promise and Limits of Automated Fact-Checking. Technical Report, Reuters Institute, University of Oxford, February, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
- Graves, L. (2016). Anatomy of a Fact Check: Objective Practice and the Contested Epistemology of Fact Checking. Communication, Culture & Critique, 10(3), 518–537. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12163
- Graves, L., & Cherubini, F. (2016). The rise of fact-checking sites in Europe. Reuters Insitute for the Study of Jurnalism. Herrero-Diz, Paula; Conde-Jimenez, Jesús; Tapia Frade, Alejandro; Varona-Aramburu, D. (2019). The credibility of online news: an evaluation of the information by university students. Culture and Education, 31, 14–26. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11356405.2019.1601937
- Ufarte-Ruiz, M. a. J., Peralta-García, L., & Murcia-Verdú, F. J. (2018). Fact checking: A new challenge in journalism. Profesional de La Informacion, 27(4), 733–741. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.02
- Valero, Pablo, & Oliveira, Lídia. (2018). Fake news: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Observatorio (OBS*), Special Issue, 54–78. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsobs12520181374
- Pews Research (2018) Bots in the Twittersphere https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/04/09/bots-in-the-twittersphere/
- Vizoso, Á., & Vázquez-Herrero, J. (2019). Fact-checking platforms in Spanish. Features, organisation and method. Communication and Society, 32(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.1.127-142
- Zuckerberg to the BBC: "We know there is false information and misleading content on Facebook" https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-39000367
- Getting Wise to Fake News https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/health/misinformation-social-media-elderly.html
- How to combat the disinformation crisis https://www.nytimes.com/es/2020/10/16/espanol/que-es-noticias-falsas.html
- How to stop the spread of fake news? Pause for a momento https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/feb/07/how-to-stop-spread-of-fake-news-oliver-burkeman
- War on lies https://lab.rtve.es/webdocs/guerra-mentira/es/
- Blame Fox, not Facebook, for fake news https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/11/06/blame-fox-not-facebook-for-fake-news/
- People older than 65 share the most fake news, a new study finds https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/9/18174631/old-people-fake-news-facebook-share-nyu-princeton
- Fake News: Las aventuras de Pinocho en las redes sociales https://www.elmundo.es/economia/actualidad-economica/2021/06/08/60bdd593fc6c836e5d8b45c4.html
- La tormenta de fake news no para https://elpais.com/mexico/elecciones-mexicanas/2021-06-03/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html
- La tormenta de fake news no para https://elpais.com/mexico/elecciones-mexicanas/2021-06-03/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html