{"id":1758,"date":"2021-10-20T16:53:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T16:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/disinformazione\/"},"modified":"2021-10-26T10:14:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T10:14:15","slug":"disinformazione","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/disinformazione\/","title":{"rendered":"Disinformazione"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-555555&#8243; text_size=&#8221;fontsize-47&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; text_color=&#8221;color-639858&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"font-555555 fontsize-47 text-color-639858-color\">Disinformazione: Un problema globale<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; el_class=&#8221;font-black&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;light&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span class=\"font-black fontsize-18 fontheight-1\">Mediante il documento \u201cJoint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and False News\u201d del 2017, l\u2019Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite definisce la disinformazione un inquietante fenomeno su scala planetaria \u201cutilizzato per confondere la popolazione, per interferire sul diritto di ricevere informazione diversificata e per influenzare l\u2019opinione pubblica\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-black fontsize-18 fontheight-1\">Il Parlamento Europeo \u00e8 intervenuto sulla stessa direzione dichiarando che le notizie false o \u2018fake news\u2019 costituiscono \u201cuna seria minaccia per le democrazie europee\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-black fontsize-18 fontheight-1\">Il progetto Spotted desidera fornire strumenti efficaci per combattere la minaccia della disinformazione con rigore scientifico e con fonti documentate. A tal scopo questa sezione offre un\u2019utile raccolta di documenti con i quali potrai informarti in merito al problema della disinformazione e delle sue conseguenze.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;light&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;889&#8243; media_width_percent=&#8221;80&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; back_image=&#8221;832&#8243; back_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; back_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; back_position=&#8221;left center&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1613651297800{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 50px !important;}&#8221; back_size=&#8221;contain&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;light&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_accordion el_class=&#8221;disinformation-accordion&#8221;][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;Documenti Ufficiali &#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1613647419-1-47&#8243;][uncode_list icon=&#8221;fa fa-link3&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;color-121472&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>United Nations. (2017). <em>Declaration on Freedom of Expression warns of the risks posed by \u201cfake news\u201d.<\/em> UN News.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2017\/03\/1374761\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2017\/03\/1374761<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European Parliament. (2019). <em>The EU must act on fake news and interference in elections.<\/em> Press room.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/es\/press-room\/20191007IPR63550\/la-ue-debe-actuar-ante-las-noticias-falsas-y-la-injerencia-en-las-elecciones\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/es\/press-room\/20191007IPR63550\/la-ue-debe-actuar-ante-las-noticias-falsas-y-la-injerencia-en-las-elecciones<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Latin American Ombusdmand Network.<br \/>\n03\/2020 Statement on Fake News (fake news) in times of COVID-19<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rindhca.org\/institucional\/declaraciones-pronunciamientos\/declaracion-03-2020-sobre-noticias-falsas-fake-news-en-tiempos-de-covid-19\">https:\/\/www.rindhca.org\/institucional\/declaraciones-pronunciamientos\/declaracion-03-2020-sobre-noticias-falsas-fake-news-en-tiempos-de-covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/uncode_list][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;Libri e Manuali&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1613647419-2-23&#8243;][uncode_list icon=&#8221;fa fa-link3&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;color-121472&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verification manual<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/verificationhandbook.com\/downloads\/manual.de.verificacion.pdf\">http:\/\/verificationhandbook.com\/downloads\/manual.de.verificacion.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Understanding misinformation disorder<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Information_Disorder_Digital_AW.pdf?x44412\">https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Information_Disorder_Digital_AW.pdf?x44412<\/a><\/li>\n<li>A Field Guide to \u201cFake News\u201d and Other Information Disorders<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/fakenews.publicdatalab.org\/\">https:\/\/fakenews.publicdatalab.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Journalism, \u201cfake news\u201d and misinformation: a journalism education and training manual<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000373349\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000373349<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u2018Posverdad\u2019, de Lee McIntyre.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/catedra.com\/libro\/teorema-serie-mayor\/posverdad-lee-mcintyre-9788437638690\/\">https:\/\/catedra.com\/libro\/teorema-serie-mayor\/posverdad-lee-mcintyre-9788437638690\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fake News: The New Weapon of Mass Destruction<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.casadellibro.com\/libro-fake-news-la-nueva-arma-de-destruccion-masiva\/9788423430192\/9021266\">https:\/\/www.casadellibro.com\/libro-fake-news-la-nueva-arma-de-destruccion-masiva\/9788423430192\/9021266<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0190923636?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=washpost-20&amp;camp=1789&amp;linkCode=xm2&amp;creativeASIN=0190923636\">https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0190923636?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=washpost-20&amp;camp=1789&amp;linkCode=xm2&amp;creativeASIN=0190923636<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/uncode_list][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;Articoli e pubblicazioni scientifiche&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;0663f6b4-551d-0&#8243;][uncode_list icon=&#8221;fa fa-link3&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;color-121472&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Brandtzaeg, P. B., F\u00f8lstad, A. &amp; Chaparro Dom\u00ednguez, M. \u00c1. (2017). How Journalists and Social Media Users Perceive Online Fact-Checking and Verification Services. Journalism Practice, august 201, 1\u201321.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1080\/17512786.2017.1363657\">https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1080\/17512786.2017.1363657<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brandtzaeg, P. B., L\u00fcders, M., Spangenberg, J., Rath-Wiggins, L. &amp; F\u00f8lstad, A. (2016). Emerging Journalistic Verification Practices Concerning Social Media. Journalism Practice, 10(3), 323\u2013342.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1080\/17512786.2015.1020331\">https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1080\/17512786.2015.1020331<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Graves, L. (2018). Understanding the Promise and Limits of Automated Fact-Checking. <em>Technical Report, Reuters Institute, University of Oxford<\/em>, <em>February<\/em>, 1\u20137.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13398-014-0173-7.2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13398-014-0173-7.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Graves, L. (2016). Anatomy of a Fact Check: Objective Practice and the Contested Epistemology of Fact Checking. Communication, Culture &amp; Critique, 10(3), 518\u2013537.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1111\/cccr.12163\">https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1111\/cccr.12163<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Graves, L., &amp; Cherubini, F. (2016). <em>The rise of fact-checking sites in Europe<\/em>. Reuters Insitute for the Study of Jurnalism.<br \/>\nHerrero-Diz, Paula; Conde-Jimenez, Jes\u00fas; Tapia Frade, Alejandro; Varona-Aramburu, D. (2019). The credibility of online news: an evaluation of the information by university students. <em>Culture and Education<\/em>, <em>31<\/em>, 14\u201326.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/11356405.2019.1601937\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/11356405.2019.1601937<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ufarte-Ruiz, M. a. J., Peralta-Garc\u00eda, L., &amp; Murcia-Verd\u00fa, F. J. (2018). Fact checking: A new challenge in journalism. <em>Profesional de La Informacion<\/em>, <em>27<\/em>(4), 733\u2013741.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3145\/epi.2018.jul.02\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3145\/epi.2018.jul.02<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Valero, Pablo, &amp; Oliveira, L\u00eddia. (2018). Fake news: una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la literatura. <em>Observatorio (OBS*)<\/em>, Special Issue, 54\u201378.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15847\/obsobs12520181374\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15847\/obsobs12520181374<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pews Research (2018) Bots in the Twittersphere<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2018\/04\/09\/bots-in-the-twittersphere\/\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2018\/04\/09\/bots-in-the-twittersphere\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Vizoso, \u00c1., &amp; V\u00e1zquez-Herrero, J. (2019). Fact-checking platforms in Spanish. Features, organisation and method. <em>Communication and Society<\/em>, <em>32<\/em>(1), 127\u2013142.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15581\/003.32.1.127-142\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15581\/003.32.1.127-142<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/uncode_list][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;News, report e articoli giornalistici&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1613649953032-3-10&#8243;][uncode_list icon=&#8221;fa fa-link3&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;color-121472&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zuckerberg to the BBC: &#8220;We know there is false information and misleading content on Facebook&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/noticias-internacional-39000367\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/noticias-internacional-39000367<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Getting Wise to Fake News<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/11\/health\/misinformation-social-media-elderly.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/11\/health\/misinformation-social-media-elderly.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How to combat the disinformation crisis<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2020\/10\/16\/espanol\/que-es-noticias-falsas.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2020\/10\/16\/espanol\/que-es-noticias-falsas.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How to stop the spread of fake news? Pause for a momento<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2020\/feb\/07\/how-to-stop-spread-of-fake-news-oliver-burkeman\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2020\/feb\/07\/how-to-stop-spread-of-fake-news-oliver-burkeman<\/a><\/li>\n<li>War on lies<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/lab.rtve.es\/webdocs\/guerra-mentira\/es\/\">https:\/\/lab.rtve.es\/webdocs\/guerra-mentira\/es\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Blame Fox, not Facebook, for fake news<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2018\/11\/06\/blame-fox-not-facebook-for-fake-news\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2018\/11\/06\/blame-fox-not-facebook-for-fake-news\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>People older than 65 share the most fake news, a new study finds<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/1\/9\/18174631\/old-people-fake-news-facebook-share-nyu-princeton\">https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/1\/9\/18174631\/old-people-fake-news-facebook-share-nyu-princeton<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fake News: Las aventuras de Pinocho en las redes sociales <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/economia\/actualidad-economica\/2021\/06\/08\/60bdd593fc6c836e5d8b45c4.html\">https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/economia\/actualidad-economica\/2021\/06\/08\/60bdd593fc6c836e5d8b45c4.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>La tormenta de fake news no para <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/elecciones-mexicanas\/2021-06-03\/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html\">https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/elecciones-mexicanas\/2021-06-03\/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>La tormenta de fake news no para <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/elecciones-mexicanas\/2021-06-03\/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html\">https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/elecciones-mexicanas\/2021-06-03\/la-tormenta-de-fake-news-no-para.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/uncode_list][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1758","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1758"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1849,"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1758\/revisions\/1849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spottedproject.org\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}